| Notes l |
covers the "Hesperonesian" grouping, part of the "Austronesian" intercontinental affinity; comprising 18 sets of languages (= 462 outer languages) spoken by communities from western Pacific to Indian Ocean, on most islands from Philippines and Celebes through Java, mainland Southeast Asia, Hainan, Borneo and Sumatra to Madagascar: 31-A ARTA* 31-B DITAYLIN+ KABALUWEN* 31-C TAGALOG+ ILOCANO 31-D BLAAN+ GIANGAN 31-E SAMA+ BAJAW 31-F IDA'AN+ BAGAHAK 31-G TAMBANUA+ SUMAMBUQ 31-H LUNDAYE+ KELABIT 31-I BINTULU+ BURUSU 31-J MODANG+ TUBU 31-K JAGOI+ AHE* 31-L MAANYAN+ MERINA 31-M MALAYU+ CHAM 31-N BUGIS+ GORONTALO 31-O SANGIR+ TONDANO 31-P PALAU 31-Q YAP 31-R CHAMORRO including 3 arterial languages: [31=-C] Tagalog (Filipino); [31=-M] Malay with Indonesian; [31=-M] Jawa (Javanese) |