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1-10 of 10 matches of 32810 nodes total |
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Match 1 |
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| ID a & Name b |
50= CELTIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
385 |
| LSName h |
CELTIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Celtic", "Gaelic+ Welsh" or Gaeilge+ Cymraeg set, part of the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 5 outer languages) spoken by communities in insular and maritime northwestern Europe, from the Hebridean islands to the Breton peninsula: 50-A GAEILGE+ CYMRAEG The internal unity of the [50=] Celtic set appears less close than that of other sets in this phylosector, and there may be a case for regarding the [50=] Gaeilge+ Gàidhlig (Gaelic) and [50=] Cymraeg+ Brezhoneg (Britannic) chains as separate components of the Indo-European intercontinental affinity. |
| Scale o |
6 |
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Statistics |
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1 Set • 3 Chains • 4 Nets • 5 OuterLanguages • 23 InnerLanguages • 74 Dialects • 12 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-cel Celtic
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GeoEntity C 1
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France
| Ireland
| United Kingdom
| Argentina
| Australia
| Canada
| United States
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Match 2 |
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| ID a & Name b |
51= ROMANIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
390 |
| LSName h |
ROMANIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Romance" or Italiano+ Româneasca set, part of the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 30 outer languages) spoken traditionally by communities throughout southern Europe, from Portugal to Moldova, with extensions to all other continents of the world: 51-A ITALIANO+ ROMÂNEASCA including 4 arterial languages: Português (Portuguese); Español (Spanish); Français (French); Italiano (Italian) This phylozone comprises the modern Romance relatives of Latin (and Latin itself), the only surviving languages of the "Italic" component of the Indo-European intercontinental affinity. The present internal diversity of the Romance idioms in Italy may reflect an historical influence < other Italic languages absorbed by Latin during the earliest period of Roman power. In the same way, the internal diversity among Romance idioms in northern Italy and further west probably reflects an influence < the former [50=] Celtic ("Gaulish" or Britannic-related) languages of continental Europe, whose own relationship with Italic (including Latin) no doubt accelerated their submersion. |
| Scale o |
8 |
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Statistics |
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1 Set • 1 Chain • 4 Nets • 30 OuterLanguages • 191 InnerLanguages • 683 Dialects • 85 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-itc Italic
| ISO-639-5-Collective-roa Romance
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GeoEntity C 1
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Albania
| Algeria
| Andorra
| Angola
| Argentina
| Belgium
| Belize
| Benin
| Bolivia
| Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Brazil
| Bulgaria
| Burkina Faso
| Central African Republic
| Cambodia
| Cameroon
| Canada
| Cape Verde
| Chad
| United Kingdom
| Chile
| China
| Colombia
| Comoros
| Republic of the Congo
| Democratic Republic of the Congo
| Costa Rica
| Croatia
| Cuba
| Côte d’Ivoire
| Djibouti
| Dominican Republic
| Timor-Leste
| Ecuador
| Egypt
| El Salvador
| Equatorial Guinea
| France
| French Guiana
| French Polynesia
| Gabon
| Greece
| Guadeloupe
| Guatemala
| Guinea
| Guinea-Bissau
| Haiti
| Honduras
| India
| Indonesia
| Israel
| Italy
| Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| Lebanon
| Republic of Macedonia
| Madagascar
| Malaysia
| Mali
| Martinique
| Mauritania
| Mauritius
| Mexico
| Moldova
| Monaco
| Morocco
| Aruba
| Curaçao
| Sint Maarten
| Caribbean Netherlands
| New Caledonia
| Nicaragua
| Niger
| Panama
| Paraguay
| Peru
| Philippines
| Portugal
| Romania
| Rwanda
| Réunion
| San Marino
| Senegal
| Seychelles
| Singapore
| Slovenija
| Spain
| Sri Lanka
| Saint Lucia
| Schweiz
| Togo
| Trinidad and Tobago
| Tunisia
| Turkey
| United States
| Ukraine
| Uruguay
| Vatican City
| Vanuatu
| Venezuela
| Vietnam
| United States Virgin Islands
| British Virgin Islands
| Wallis and Futuna
| Western Sahara
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Match 3 |
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| ID a & Name b |
52= GERMANIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
411 |
| LSName h |
GERMANIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Germanic" or Norsk+ Frysk set, part of the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 25 outer languages) spoken traditionally by communities in Europe, extending from Iceland to eastern Europe, with extensions to all other continents of the world: 52-A NORSK+ FRYSK including 2 arterial languages: English; Deutsch (German). Historically, the Germanic set was tripartite, represented by the [52=-A] Nordic, [52=-C] Continental West Germanic & [52=-D] extinct Gothic chains. [52=-B] Anglic (English+ Anglo-Creole) is now better treated as a fourth chain, having diverged from the languages of [52=-C] under influence < [51=] Romance, esp. French, and also [52=-A] Nordic (see also note below under [52=-C] Frysk+ Frasch). This zone and set include (1) the language spoken in Europe west of Russia by the largest number of primary voices, i.e. German, and (2) the language spoken on the planet by the largest number of alternate voices, i.e. English. |
| Scale o |
9 |
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Statistics |
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1 Set • 4 Chains • 6 Nets • 25 OuterLanguages • 206 InnerLanguages • 835 Dialects • 113 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-gem Germanic
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GeoEntity C 1
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Argentina
| Australia
| Österreich
| Bahamas
| Belgium
| Bolivia
| Brazil
| Canada
| Colombia
| Česko
| Denmark
| Estonia
| Faroe Islands
| Finland
| France
| Deutschland
| Magyarország
| Iceland
| Italy
| Lesotho
| Liechtenstein
| Lithuania
| Luxembourg
| Mexico
| Namibia
| Netherlands
| Aruba
| Curaçao
| Sint Maarten
| Caribbean Netherlands
| Norway
| Polska
| Russia
| Slovensko
| Slovenija
| South Africa
| Suriname
| Swaziland
| Sweden
| Schweiz
| United States
| Ukraine
| Uruguay
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Match 4 |
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| ID a & Name b |
53= SLAVIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
440 |
| LSName h |
SLAVIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Slavonic" or Slovenčina+ Slovensko set, part of the "Balto-Slavic" grouping within the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 8 outer languages) spoken by communities in eastern Europe and northern Asia, from the Alps to the Bering Sea: 53-A SLOVENČINA+ SLOVENSKO including 2 arterial languages: Russkiy (Russian); Ukrainska (Ukrainian) with Belarusskaya (Belarussian) There is partial intelligibility among most of the Slavonic languages, with Slovenčina (Slovakian) at the geographic "centre-of-gravity" of this linguistic network. There may be more variation among the idioms of Slovensko (Slovenian) than among several of the closely related official national Slavonic languages of some nation-states, such as Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, for example. |
| Scale o |
8 |
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Statistics |
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1 Set • 1 Chain • 1 Net • 8 OuterLanguages • 38 InnerLanguages • 191 Dialects • 33 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-sla Slavic
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GeoEntity C 1
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Albania
| Armenia
| Österreich
| Azerbaijan
| Belarus
| Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Bulgaria
| Croatia
| Česko
| Estonia
| Georgia
| Greece
| Italy
| Kazakhstan
| Latvia
| Lithuania
| Republic of Macedonia
| Moldova
| Polska
| Romania
| Russia
| Slovenija
| Turkmenistan
| Ukraine
| Uzbekistan
| Serbia
| Montenegro
| Canada
| United States
| Israel
| Australia
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Match 5 |
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| ID a & Name b |
54= BALTIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
447 |
| LSName h |
BALTIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Baltic", "Latvian+ Lithuanian" or Lietuviškai+ Latviašu set, part of the "Balto-Slavic" grouping within the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 3 outer languages) spoken by communities in Europe, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea: 54-A LIETUVIŠKAI+ LATVIAŠU |
| Scale o |
6 |
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Statistics |
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1 Set • 1 Chain • 3 Nets • 3 OuterLanguages • 9 InnerLanguages • 3 Dialects • 5 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-bat Baltic
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GeoEntity C 1
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Latvia
| Lithuania
| Canada
| United States
| Russia
| Kazakhstan
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Match 6 |
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| ID a & Name b |
55= ALBANIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
448 |
| LSName h |
ALBANIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Albanian" or Shqip set, part of the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of 1 outer-language spoken by communities in the western Balkans, with an extension across the Adriatic to the Italian peninsula: 55-A SHQIP Albanian is probably related to the ancient Illyrian (Messapic) language, formerly spoken on both sides of the Adriatic |
| Scale o |
6 |
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Statistics |
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1 Set • 1 Chain • 1 Net • 1 OuterLanguage • 8 InnerLanguages • 21 Dialects • 5 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-1-Macrolanguage-sq Albanian
| ISO-639-5-Collective-sqj Albanian
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GeoEntity C 1
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Albania
| Greece
| Republic of Macedonia
| Serbia
| Montenegro
| Croatia
| Italy
| Turkey
| Ukraine
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Match 7 |
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| ID a & Name b |
56= HELLENIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
449 |
| LSName h |
HELLENIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Greek", "Hellenic" or Helleniki+ Tsakonia set of languages, part of the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 2 outer languages) spoken by communities in southeastern Europe and around the eastern Mediterranean, with international migration: 56-A HELLENIKI+ TSAKONIA |
| Scale o |
7 |
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Statistics |
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1 Set • 1 Chain • 1 Net • 2 OuterLanguages • 14 InnerLanguages • 36 Dialects • 18 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-grk Greek
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GeoEntity C 1
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Greece
| Cyprus
| Albania
| Bulgaria
| Turkey
| United States
| Deutschland
| United Kingdom
| France
| Canada
| Polska
| Ukraine
| Russia
| Kazakhstan
| Italy
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Match 8 |
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▶
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| ID a & Name b |
57= ARMENIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
451 |
| LSName h |
ARMENIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Armenian" or Hayeren set, part of the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of 1 outer-language spoken by communities in eastern Europe, in the valleys around Lake Sevan and in a former extension from the Mediterranean coast of Cilicia to the Caspian Sea, with worldwide migration: 57-A HAYEREN |
| Scale o |
6 |
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Statistics |
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1 Set • 1 Chain • 1 Net • 1 OuterLanguage • 3 InnerLanguages • 31 Dialects • 1 ISO-639-Relative |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-hyx Armenian
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GeoEntity C 1
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Armenia
| Azerbaijan
| Egypt
| France
| Georgia
| Iran
| Iraq
| Lebanon
| Russia
| Syria
| Turkey
| Ukraine
| United States
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Match 9 |
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| ID a & Name b |
58= IRANIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
452 |
| LSName h |
IRANIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Iranian" or Farsi+ Pashto set, part of the "Indo-Iranian" grouping within the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 26 outer languages) spoken by communities in southwestern and central Asia: 58-A FARSI+ PASHTO A continuum of relationships among languages covered by 58=Iranic and by 59=Indic passes through the transitional languages of the [58=] Bashgali+ Waigeli (Nuristani) chain. |
| Scale o |
7 |
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Statistics |
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1 Set • 3 Chains • 12 Nets • 26 OuterLanguages • 82 InnerLanguages • 194 Dialects • 76 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-ira Iranian
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GeoEntity C 1
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Afghanistan
| Armenia
| Azerbaijan
| China
| India
| Iran
| Iraq
| Kyrgyzstan
| Lebanon
| Oman
| Pakistan
| Russia
| Syria
| Tajikistan
| Turkmenistan
| Turkey
| Uzbekistan
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Match 10 |
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| ID a & Name b |
59= INDIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
458 |
| LSName h |
INDIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Indic", "Indo-Aryan" or Hindi+ Domari set of languages, part of the "Indo-Iranian" grouping within the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 49 outer languages) spoken by communities in South Asia, from the Himalayas to the island of Ceylon, with extensions throughout the world: 59=A HINDI+ DOMARI including 5 arterial languages: Hindi with Urdu; Bhojpuri with Maithili; Panjabi; Marathi; Bangla (Bengali) with Sylhetti A continuum of relationships among languages covered by 58=Iranic and by 59=Indic passes through the transitional languages of the [58=] Bashgali+ Waigeli (Nuristani) chain. For the reference-names of [59=-AAF] Central Indic languages, diacritics have been used as follows: subscript dot / , ..., É, Ñ / for retroflex consonants; overlining e.g. / ā / for a long vowel; underlining / r / for vocalic r. |
| Scale o |
9 |
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Statistics |
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1 Set • 3 Chains • 16 Nets • 49 OuterLanguages • 294 InnerLanguages • 560 Dialects • 204 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-iir Indo-Iranian
| ISO-639-5-Collective-inc Indic
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GeoEntity C 1
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Bangladesh
| Bhutan
| India
| Nepal
| Pakistan
| Sri Lanka
| Afghanistan
| Albania
| Armenia
| Australia
| Brazil
| Bulgaria
| China
| Colombia
| Česko
| Denmark
| Egypt
| Estonia
| Fiji
| France
| French Guiana
| Deutschland
| Greece
| Guyana
| Magyarország
| Iran
| Italy
| Kazakhstan
| Kenya
| Latvia
| Lebanon
| Mauritius
| Moldova
| Norway
| Palestine
| Polska
| Portugal
| Romania
| Russia
| Slovensko
| Slovenija
| South Africa
| Spain
| Suriname
| Sweden
| Syria
| Trinidad and Tobago
| Turkey
| Uganda
| United Kingdom
| Ukraine
| United States
| Uzbekistan
| Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Croatia
| Republic of Macedonia
| Montenegro
| Serbia
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1-10 of 10 matches of 32810 nodes total |