|
1-10 of 14 matches of 32810 nodes total |
|
Match 1 |
|
▶
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
08= KHOISANIC phylozone |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
75 |
| LSName h |
KHOISANIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Central Khoisan" grouping (part of the "wider Khoisan" hypothesis); comprising 2 sets of languages (= 14 outer languages) spoken by herding or hunter-gatherer communities in Southwestern Africa, in and around the Kalahari desert: 08-A NAMA+ HAINL'UM 08-B KWADI The symbols used conventionally to transcribe consonantal clicks in many language-names within zones 08= and 09= are recorded in column 3, but these symbols have been converted to Latin alphabetic characters for the spelling and indexing of reference-names (all names in column 2, and bold names in column 3) as follows: p'=bilabial click ʘ c'=dental click / t'= dento-alveolar click ǁ q'=retroflex click ! l'=lateral click //. |
| Scale o |
5 |
|
Statistics |
|
2 Sets • 3 Chains • 4 Nets • 14 OuterLanguages • 85 InnerLanguages • 5 Dialects • 7 ISO-639-Relatives |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
ISO-639 A 1
|
ISO-639-5-Collective-khi Khoisan
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
Angola
| Botswana
| Namibia
| South Africa
| Zambia
|
|
Match 2 |
|
▶
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
09= KALAHARI geozone |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
78 |
| LSName h |
KALAHARI |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
geo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the Kalahari reference area (within the "wider Khoisan" hypothesis), composed of the "North-Khoisan" set 09-A plus the remaining sets within the "South-Khoisan" hypothesis; comprising 5 sets of languages (= 14 outer languages) spoken by hunter-gatherer communities in Southwestern Africa, in and around the Kalahari desert and Orange basin: 09-A XUNG+ Q'O-Q'XUNG 09-B C'WI+ NC'USAN 09-C NC'HU+ L'KUL'E 09-D L'XEGWI+ L'XOGWI 09-E C'XAM+ 'KATKOP'* Certain languages (indicated by a star *) and the final set of languages (09-E C'xam+ 'Katkop'*) are classified notionally, in the absence of adequate or consistent information The symbols used conventionally to transcribe consonantal clicks in many language-names within zones 08= and 09= are recorded in column 3, but these symbols have been converted to Latin alphabetic characters for the spelling and indexing of reference-names (all names in column 2, and bold names in column 3) as follows: p'=bilabial click ʘ c'=dental click / t'= dento-alveolar click ǁ q'=retroflex click ! l'=lateral click //. |
| Scale o |
4 |
|
Statistics |
|
5 Sets • 7 Chains • 10 Nets • 14 OuterLanguages • 57 InnerLanguages • 10 Dialects • 4 ISO-639-Relatives |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
ISO-639 A 1
|
ISO-639-5-Collective-khi Khoisan
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
Angola
| Botswana
| Lesotho
| Namibia
| South Africa
|
|
Match 3 |
|
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
16-BAA Chara |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
102 |
| LSName h |
CHARA |
| LSType i |
net |
| IsNotional k |
no |
|
Statistics |
|
1 OuterLanguage • 1 InnerLanguage • 1 ISO-639-Relative |
|
Match 4 |
|
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
16-BAA-a Chara |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
102 |
| LSName h |
Chara |
| LSType i |
outer language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
⊕ Omo northern watershed: Ch'ara |
| Scale o |
3 |
|
Statistics |
|
1 InnerLanguage • 1 ISO-639-Relative |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
Ethiopia
|
|
Match 5 |
|
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
▷
|
| ID a & Name b |
16-BAA-aa Chara |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
102 |
| LSName h |
chara |
| LSType i |
inner language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
ciara, cara, ch'ara |
| Scale o |
3 |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
ISO-639 A 1
|
ISO-639-3-Language-cra Chara
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
Ethiopia
|
|
Match 6 |
|
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
▷
|
| ID a & Name b |
45-AAA-aa Chosŏnmal-L. |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
353 |
| LSName h |
chosŏnmal-L. |
| LSType i |
inner language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
"traditional literary korean" 𝒮 written from c.–650 in Chinese, Han-mun script; from c.+1450 also in Korean, Ŏn-mun (="common script"), Han-gŭl, Chosŏn-gŭl script, fully established in 20th cent.; including "mixed script", retaining Chinese characters for Chinese-derived elements |
| Script n |
Han-mun; Ŏn-mun, Han-gŭl, Chosŏn-gŭl |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| Republic of Korea
|
|
Match 7 |
|
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
▷
|
| ID a & Name b |
45-AAA-ac Chosŭnmunhwa-Ŏ |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
353 |
| LSName h |
chosŭnmunhwa-ŏ |
| LSType i |
inner language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
"modern standard korean"-N., kuk-ŏ-N., including p'yŏngyang-mal, pyongyang "cultivated korean" # chosŭn-munhwa-ŏ =«Korea culture language» 𝒮 North Korea model, with 2 spelling reforms since 1948 (including abandonment of "mixed script" Chinese characters in North Korea only) |
| Script n |
North Korea model |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| China
|
|
Match 8 |
|
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
▷
|
| ID a & Name b |
50-ABA-ade Cymlish |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
388 |
| LSName h |
cymlish |
| LSType i |
dialect |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
cymraeg yr ysgolion cymraeg ="welsh-schools' welsh" ; new "mixed" dialect, with characteristic pronunciation and marked influence < [52=] English in vocabulary, syntax and intonation ¶ developed since 1980's among pupils in Welsh-medium secondary schools in southeast Wales # name created locally from Cym(raeg) plus (Eng)lish |
| Scale o |
3 |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Match 9 |
|
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
▷
|
| ID a & Name b |
59-AAF-kf Charani |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
466 |
| LSName h |
charani |
| LSType i |
inner language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
carani; charan wandering minstrel community ⊕ Panchmahals district eastwards |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
India
|
|
Match 10 |
|
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
6= NORTH-AMERICA geosector |
|
Attributes |
| Page g |
478 |
| LSName h |
NORTH-AMERICA |
| LSType i |
sector |
| Grouping j |
geo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
This geosector covers 63 sets of languages (= 336 outer languages, comprising 978 inner languages) spoken or formerly spoken by traditional "Amerindian" (plus Inuit-Aleut) communities across North America and northern Meso-America (since before the arrival of speakers of Indo-European languages, principally [52=] English, and [51=] Español and Français). The first six zones of this sector (4 phylozones and 2 geozones) cover the northern and central regions of North America, which have been characterised in recent centuries by the wide geographic distribution of a relatively small number of sets of languages. These six zones together comprise a total of only 13 sets (including a southward extension as far as Honduras of related languages in zone 65=). 60= ARCTIC phylozone 61= NADENIC phylozone 62= ALGIC phylozone 63= SAINT-LAWRENCE geozone 64= MISSISSIPPI geozone 65= AZTECIC phylozone The last four zones of this sector (all geozones) cover the linguistically more complex western and southern regions of North America, including northern Central America. They together comprise a total of 50 sets. Geozone 66=Farwest covers 26 sets of languages spoken on the west-coast and hinterland regions of Canada and the USA, from Alaska to California. Geozone 67=Desert covers 5 sets of languages spoken in the area between New Mexico and the Bay of California (in Mexico). Geozone 68=Gulf covers 8 sets of languages spoken around the periphery of the Gulf of Mexico, from Mexico (Tamaulipas) to USA (Florida); and geozone 69=Mesoamerica covers 11 sets of languages spoken between northern Mexico and northern Costa Rica. 66= FARWEST geozone 67= DESERT geozone 68= GULF geozone 69= MESO-AMERICA geozone The greatest impact on the geography of the linguasphere has resulted during the last 500 years from the ethnic clearance and repopulation of two continents (North America and Australia) by sea-borne invaders from Europe, predominantly speakers of [52=] English – together with speakers of [51=] Español and Français in the case of North America. In North America, these invaders were accompanied by forced immigrants transported from among hundreds of speech communities in Africa, who were themselves impelled to create new speech communities under conditions of slavery and segregation based on pigmentation of the skin. The variety of their own African languages (from sectors 0=, 1= and 9=) was abandoned in favour of new (creolised) forms of European languages (from zones 51= and 52=), but there were also some linguistic contacts and influences between African immigrants and speakers of American "Indian" languages: cf. [51=] Louisianais (Houma) and perhaps [62=] Lumbee. Lands "reserved" by the invaders for the use of indigenous American speech communities, sometimes far from their original homelands, are referred to in USA as "reservations" or "agencies" or "nations", and in Canada as "reserves" (see column 3, below). |
|
Statistics |
|
10 Zones • 63 Sets • 116 Chains • 184 Nets • 337 OuterLanguages • 898 InnerLanguages • 384 Dialects • 528 ISO-639-Relatives |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
ISO-639 A 1
|
ISO-639-5-Collective-nai North American Indian
|
|
1-10 of 14 matches of 32810 nodes total |