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1-10 of 10 matches of 32810 nodes total |
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Match 1 |
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| ID a & Name b |
03-BAB-abc Tely |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
54 |
| LSName h |
tely |
| LSType i |
dialect |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
⊕ Tely valley |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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Uganda
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Match 2 |
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| ID a & Name b |
29-Y Marrawah + Kaoota |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
224 |
| LSName h |
MARRAWAH + KAOOTA |
| LSType i |
set |
| IsNotional k |
yes |
| Notes l |
TASMANIAN notional set ¶ The total ethnic clearance of Tasmania was undertaken between 1805 and 1830, by speakers of [52=] English. The last 200 survivors were deported in 1829-34 to Flinders and other small offshore islands, and the last Tasmanian languages were effectively extinct before 1900 ➤ The only data are a few poorly recorded wordlists from 19th cent. and recordings of the last partial speakers in the early 20th . Degrees of relationship among Tasmanian languages and their affinities to languages of mainland Australia cannot be accurately judged, and the following classification is largely notional (and certainly simplified). It provides a framework to be checked and amplified against every surviving scrap of information on the peoples and languages of Tasmania # Reconstructed linguistic divisions have hitherto been labelled by points of the compass and foreign place-names. They are here renamed with place-names of apparent local origin. |
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Statistics |
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2 Chains • 2 Nets • 5 OuterLanguages • 18 InnerLanguages |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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Australia
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Match 3 |
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| ID a & Name b |
29= TRANSAUSTRALIA geozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
205 |
| LSName h |
TRANSAUSTRALIA |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
geo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Transaustralia" reference area, composed of the "Pama-Nyungan" hypothesis (sets 29-A to 29-X, within the wider "Australian" hypothesis) plus the "Tasmanian" notional set of extinct languages (29-Y); together comprising a total of 25 sets of languages (213 outer languages) spoken or formerly spoken by small hunter-gatherer communities, originally occupying the whole of Australia and Tasmania (except the far-north, covered by geozone 28=): 29-A DJAMBARR+ DJINANG 29-B WARLPIRI+ PITJANTJA 29-C ARABANA+ YARLI 29-D MURUWARI 29-E BAAGANDJI+ MARAWARA* 29-F NGARINYERI+ YITHAYITHA 29-G WUURONG+ KOLAKNGAT 29-H NULIT+ THANG 29-I DHUDOROA 29-J PALLANGAN-MIDDANG 29-K YOTA+ YABULA 29-L WIRADHURI+ GAMILA 29-M THAWA+ WORIMI 29-N GUMBAYNGGIR+ YAYGIR 29-O BANDJALANG+ YUGUM 29-P YAGARA+GOWAR 29-Q WAGA+ GABI 29-R MARGANY+ MUNGKAN 29-S GALIBAMU 29-T LARDIL+ JAKULA 29-U KALKUTUNG+ YALARNNGA 29-V WAGAYA+ WARLUWARA 29-W WARUMUNGU 29-X ARANDA+ GAIDIDJ 29-Y MARRAWAH+ KAOOTA* The scantily documented languages of Tasmania (29-Y) were effectively extinct before 1900, and this set is therefore excluded from totals of languages spoken during the 20th cent. the Australian mainland languages covered by phylozone 29= (sets 29-A to 29-X) account for approximately one third of all outer languages which have become extinct throughout the world during the 20th century. This destruction of indigenous speech-communities has resulted from the occupation and ethnic-clearance of their traditional space, primarily by sea-borne speakers of [52=] English. Traditional speech communities in Australia were always small, and only 14 among 298 surviving outer-languages in zones 28= and 29= (marked ✓ in column 2) are likely to have totalled 1,000 or more voices each in the year 1999. The intensified study, development and teaching of those languages would appear to be an educational, scientific and cultural priority in the 21st century. Most surviving speech-communities of this zone are bilingual, with primary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English. |
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4 |
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Statistics |
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25 Sets • 56 Chains • 113 Nets • 218 OuterLanguages • 547 InnerLanguages • 29 Dialects |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-aus Australian
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GeoEntity C 1
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Australia
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Match 4 |
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| ID a & Name b |
34-BEB-af Telyat |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
289 |
| LSName h |
telyat |
| LSType i |
inner language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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Papua New Guinea
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Match 5 |
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| ID a & Name b |
43-CBA-aa Itelmen |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
344 |
| LSName h |
itelmen |
| LSType i |
inner language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
itelymem, kamchadal, "kamchatkan" |
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2 |
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Statistics |
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4 Dialects |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-3-Language-itl Itelmen
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GeoEntity C 1
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Russia
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Match 6 |
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| ID a & Name b |
50-ABB-bbc Brezhoneg-Peurunvan |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
388 |
| LSName h |
brezhoneg-peurunvan |
| LSType i |
dialect |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
brezhoneg-ZH, KLT+ gwenedeg, KLTG, 'zedacheg', "standard" breton 2, in [51=] Français: breton interdialectal # brezhoneg-perunvan =«completely unified breton» |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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France
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Match 7 |
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| ID a & Name b |
52-ABB-ag Limón-Coastal-Creole |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
422 |
| LSName h |
limón-coastal-creole |
| LSType i |
inner language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
costa rican creole, mekitelyu ⊕ Limón... |
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4 |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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Costa Rica
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Match 8 |
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| ID a & Name b |
52-ACB-dlb Wiener-Hochdeutsch-F. |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
432 |
| LSName h |
wiener-hochdeutsch-F. |
| LSType i |
dialect |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
"formal german of Austria", known immediately after 1945 as unterrichtssprache, preceded before 1919 by k.u.k.-deutsch, "austro-hungarian imperial german" # k.u.k. =kaiserlich und königlich =«imperial and royal"; unterrichtssprache =«teaching language» (as euphemism, to avoid use of deutsch) influence < [52=] Deutsch-S. |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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Österreich
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Match 9 |
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| ID a & Name b |
79= SINITIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
557 |
| LSName h |
SINITIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Chinese" or Han-Yu set, part of the "Sino-Tibetan" ("Sino-Indian") continental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 16 outer languages) spoken by communities throughout East Asia, centered on the Huang-He ("Yellow River") and Yangtze basins: 79-A HAN-YU including 3 arterial languages: Putonghua (Mandarin); Wu; Yue (Cantonese) The English term "dialect" has in the past been used inappropriately to describe the major components of "Wider Chinese", which are here classified as a net of 16 outer-languages, divided into 69 inner-languages (and subsequently into 429 "dialects", in the Register's usage of that term and on the basis of presently limited knowledge). Although degrees of spoken inter-intelligibility vary greatly within each outer-language, and are generally low among outer-languages, communication within China is facilitated by a common writing system and by the universal teaching of Putonghua (the standard form of "Mainstream Chinese" or so-called 'Mandarin') as the language of national education. Mainstream Chinese, or Putonghua in the wider sense, is the language with the largest number of primary speakers in the world, serving as the official national language of the most populous nation-state. At the end of the 20th century, the title of "most spoken language in the world" can be taken to alternate between Mainstream Chinese and English within each 24-hour cycle, depending on whether China is "asleep" or "awake". Mainstream Chinese is one of two languages in the world to have reached an estimated total of one billion primary plus alternate voices by the end of the 2bd millennium. |
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9 |
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Statistics |
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1 Set • 1 Chain • 1 Net • 16 OuterLanguages • 69 InnerLanguages • 429 Dialects • 22 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-zhx Chinese
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GeoEntity C 1
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Bangladesh
| Bhutan
| Myanmar
| India
| Japan
| Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| Kazakhstan
| Kyrgyzstan
| Malaysia
| Nepal
| Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| Pakistan
| Singapore
| Republic of Korea
| Thailand
| Vietnam
| Australia
| Brazil
| Brunei Darussalam
| Canada
| Colombia
| Costa Rica
| Cuba
| Fiji
| France
| French Guiana
| French Polynesia
| Guam
| Guatemala
| Guyana
| Indonesia
| Jamaica
| Madagascar
| Mauritius
| Mexico
| Mongolia
| Mozambique
| Nauru
| Netherlands
| New Zealand
| Panama
| Papua New Guinea
| Paraguay
| Peru
| Philippines
| Portugal
| Réunion
| Samoa
| Seychelles
| South Africa
| Suriname
| Trinidad and Tobago
| United Kingdom
| United States
| Vanuatu
| Venezuela
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Match 10 |
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| ID a & Name b |
85-D Lule + Vilela |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
599 |
| LSName h |
LULE + VILELA |
| LSType i |
set |
| IsNotional k |
yes |
| Notes l |
➤ a notional set of inadequately documented extinct languages, plus one language on the verge of extinction |
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X |
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Statistics |
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3 Chains • 3 Nets • 6 OuterLanguages • 13 InnerLanguages • 6 Dialects |
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1-10 of 10 matches of 32810 nodes total |