|
1-10 of 16 matches of 32810 nodes total |
|
Match 1 |
|
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
0= AFRICA geosector |
|
Attributes |
| Page g |
38 |
| LSName h |
AFRICA |
| LSType i |
sector |
| Grouping j |
geo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
This geosector covers 44 sets of languages (237 outer languages, comprising 763 inner languages) spoken by communities across the African continent south of the Sahara, from West Africa to East Africa, and in southwestern Africa. These sets comprise all languages of Africa not covered by phylosectors 1=Afro-Asian, 3=Austronesian, 5=Indo-European and 9=Transafrican. Zones 00= to 07= cover languages spoken in a belt of great linguistic diversity, extending from Senegal to Tanzania: 00= MANDIC phylozone 01= SONGHAIC phylozone 02= SAHARIC phylozone 03= SUDANIC phylozone 04= NILOTIC phylozone 05= EAST-SAHEL geozone 06= KORDOFANIC phylozone 07= RIFT-VALLEY geozone Zones 08= to 09= cover languages spoken in Southwestern Africa, in and around the Kalahari desert: 08= KHOISANIC phylozone 09= KALAHARI geozone Languages of zones 00= and 01= have constituted a "Mande+ Songhai" hypothesis, and languages of zones 01= to 05= have constituted an overlapping "Nilo-Saharan" hypothesis. Languages of zones 00= and 06= have been included in the "Congo-Kordofanian" or "new Niger-Congo" hypothesis (together with languages of phylosector 9=), and languages of zones 08= (as "Central Khoisan") and 09= (as "North Khoisan" plus "South Khoisan") have constituted the major part of a "wider Khoisan" hypothesis. |
|
Statistics |
|
10 Zones • 44 Sets • 78 Chains • 136 Nets • 237 OuterLanguages • 763 InnerLanguages • 578 Dialects • 294 ISO-639-Relatives |
|
Match 2 |
|
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
2= AUSTRALASIA geosector |
|
Attributes |
| Page g |
123 |
| LSName h |
AUSTRALASIA |
| LSType i |
sector |
| Grouping j |
geo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
This geosector covers 223 sets of languages (1167 outer languages, composed of 2258 inner languages) spoken or formerly spoken by communities in Australasia in a geographic sequence from Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islands through New Guinea and its adjacent islands, and throughout the Australian mainland to Tasmania. They comprise all languages ofAustralasia (Oceania) not covered by phylosectors 3=Austronesian or 5=Indo-European.Zones 20= to 24= cover all so-called "Papuan" languages, spoken on Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islands and the NewGuinea mainland, which have been previously treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis: 20= ARAFURA geozone 21= MAMBERAMO geozone 22= MANDANGIC phylozone 23= OWALAMIC phylozone 24= TRANSIRIANIC phylozoneZones 25= to 27= cover all other so-called "Papuan" languages, on the New Guinea mainland, Bismarck archipelago, NewBritain, New Ireland and Solomon islands, which have not been treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis: 25= CENDRAWASIH geozone 26= SEPIK-VALLEY geozone 27= BISMARCK-SEA geozoneZones 28= to 29= cover all languages spoken traditionally across the Australian mainland, on the offshore Elcho, Howard,Crocodile and Torres Strait islands (excluding Darnley island), and formerly on the island of Tasmania. An "Australian" hypothesis covers all these languages, excluding the extinct and little known languages of Tasmania, comprising (1.) an areaof more diffuse and complex relationships in the extreme north, covered here by geozone 28=, and (2.) a more closelyrelated affinity (Pama+ Nyungan) throughout the rest of Australia, covered by 24 of the 25 sets of phylozone 29=. Therelationships within the "Australian" and component "Pama+ Nyungan" hypotheses may be due as much to diffusion overtens of thousands of years as to inheritance from common prehistorical sources: 28= NORTH-AUSTRALIA geozone 29= TRANSAUSTRALIA geozone |
|
Statistics |
|
10 Zones • 223 Sets • 477 Chains • 789 Nets • 1168 OuterLanguages • 2238 InnerLanguages • 108 Dialects • 15 ISO-639-Relatives |
|
Match 3 |
|
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
4= EURASIA geosector |
|
Attributes |
| Page g |
331 |
| LSName h |
EURASIA |
| LSType i |
sector |
| Grouping j |
geo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
This gesector covers 35 sets of languages (= 219 outer languages, comprising 680 inner languages) spoken by communities across Eurasia, from western Europe to eastern Asia. These sets comprise all indigenous languages of Eurasia (Europe plus continental Asia, including the islands of India and Japan) which are excluded from the phylosectors 1=Afro-Asian, 5=Indo-European and 7=Sino-Tibetan. Zone 40= covers one outer-language, spoken from the Bay of Biscay in Western Europe, astride the western Pyrenees mountains, and zones 41= and 42= cover languages spoken in central and eastern Europe, including the Caucasus. 40=EUSKARIC phylozone 41=URALIC phylozone 42=CAUCASUS geozone Zones 43= to 45= cover northern and central Asia, from Siberia to Turkey and Japan, with some overlap into Europe. Zone 44= corresponds to the area of the "Altaic" hypthesis, and zones 44= and 45= to the "wider Altaic" hypothesis. 43=SIBERIA geozone 44=TRANSASIA geozone 45=EAST-ASIA geozone Zones 46= to 49= cover Southern (including South-east) continental Asia. Zone 46= covers all Southern Asian languages which are not included under the Tai+ Kadi affinity (zone 47=), the Miao+Yao, Hmong+ Mien set (zone 48=) and the Dravidian grouping (zone 49=), or under any phylosector. 46=SOUTH-ASIA geozone 47=DAIC phylozone 48=MIENIC phylozone 49=DRAVIDIC phylozone |
|
Statistics |
|
10 Zones • 35 Sets • 63 Chains • 114 Nets • 219 OuterLanguages • 678 InnerLanguages • 1505 Dialects • 503 ISO-639-Relatives |
|
Match 4 |
|
▶
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
50= CELTIC phylozone |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
385 |
| LSName h |
CELTIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Celtic", "Gaelic+ Welsh" or Gaeilge+ Cymraeg set, part of the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 5 outer languages) spoken by communities in insular and maritime northwestern Europe, from the Hebridean islands to the Breton peninsula: 50-A GAEILGE+ CYMRAEG The internal unity of the [50=] Celtic set appears less close than that of other sets in this phylosector, and there may be a case for regarding the [50=] Gaeilge+ Gàidhlig (Gaelic) and [50=] Cymraeg+ Brezhoneg (Britannic) chains as separate components of the Indo-European intercontinental affinity. |
| Scale o |
6 |
|
Statistics |
|
1 Set • 3 Chains • 4 Nets • 5 OuterLanguages • 23 InnerLanguages • 74 Dialects • 12 ISO-639-Relatives |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
ISO-639 A 1
|
ISO-639-5-Collective-cel Celtic
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
France
| Ireland
| United Kingdom
| Argentina
| Australia
| Canada
| United States
|
|
Match 5 |
|
▶
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
51= ROMANIC phylozone |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
390 |
| LSName h |
ROMANIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Romance" or Italiano+ Româneasca set, part of the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 30 outer languages) spoken traditionally by communities throughout southern Europe, from Portugal to Moldova, with extensions to all other continents of the world: 51-A ITALIANO+ ROMÂNEASCA including 4 arterial languages: Português (Portuguese); Español (Spanish); Français (French); Italiano (Italian) This phylozone comprises the modern Romance relatives of Latin (and Latin itself), the only surviving languages of the "Italic" component of the Indo-European intercontinental affinity. The present internal diversity of the Romance idioms in Italy may reflect an historical influence < other Italic languages absorbed by Latin during the earliest period of Roman power. In the same way, the internal diversity among Romance idioms in northern Italy and further west probably reflects an influence < the former [50=] Celtic ("Gaulish" or Britannic-related) languages of continental Europe, whose own relationship with Italic (including Latin) no doubt accelerated their submersion. |
| Scale o |
8 |
|
Statistics |
|
1 Set • 1 Chain • 4 Nets • 30 OuterLanguages • 191 InnerLanguages • 683 Dialects • 85 ISO-639-Relatives |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
ISO-639 A 1
|
ISO-639-5-Collective-itc Italic
| ISO-639-5-Collective-roa Romance
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
Albania
| Algeria
| Andorra
| Angola
| Argentina
| Belgium
| Belize
| Benin
| Bolivia
| Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Brazil
| Bulgaria
| Burkina Faso
| Central African Republic
| Cambodia
| Cameroon
| Canada
| Cape Verde
| Chad
| United Kingdom
| Chile
| China
| Colombia
| Comoros
| Republic of the Congo
| Democratic Republic of the Congo
| Costa Rica
| Croatia
| Cuba
| Côte d’Ivoire
| Djibouti
| Dominican Republic
| Timor-Leste
| Ecuador
| Egypt
| El Salvador
| Equatorial Guinea
| France
| French Guiana
| French Polynesia
| Gabon
| Greece
| Guadeloupe
| Guatemala
| Guinea
| Guinea-Bissau
| Haiti
| Honduras
| India
| Indonesia
| Israel
| Italy
| Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| Lebanon
| Republic of Macedonia
| Madagascar
| Malaysia
| Mali
| Martinique
| Mauritania
| Mauritius
| Mexico
| Moldova
| Monaco
| Morocco
| Aruba
| Curaçao
| Sint Maarten
| Caribbean Netherlands
| New Caledonia
| Nicaragua
| Niger
| Panama
| Paraguay
| Peru
| Philippines
| Portugal
| Romania
| Rwanda
| Réunion
| San Marino
| Senegal
| Seychelles
| Singapore
| Slovenija
| Spain
| Sri Lanka
| Saint Lucia
| Schweiz
| Togo
| Trinidad and Tobago
| Tunisia
| Turkey
| United States
| Ukraine
| Uruguay
| Vatican City
| Vanuatu
| Venezuela
| Vietnam
| United States Virgin Islands
| British Virgin Islands
| Wallis and Futuna
| Western Sahara
|
|
Match 6 |
|
▶
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
52= GERMANIC phylozone |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
411 |
| LSName h |
GERMANIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Germanic" or Norsk+ Frysk set, part of the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 25 outer languages) spoken traditionally by communities in Europe, extending from Iceland to eastern Europe, with extensions to all other continents of the world: 52-A NORSK+ FRYSK including 2 arterial languages: English; Deutsch (German). Historically, the Germanic set was tripartite, represented by the [52=-A] Nordic, [52=-C] Continental West Germanic & [52=-D] extinct Gothic chains. [52=-B] Anglic (English+ Anglo-Creole) is now better treated as a fourth chain, having diverged from the languages of [52=-C] under influence < [51=] Romance, esp. French, and also [52=-A] Nordic (see also note below under [52=-C] Frysk+ Frasch). This zone and set include (1) the language spoken in Europe west of Russia by the largest number of primary voices, i.e. German, and (2) the language spoken on the planet by the largest number of alternate voices, i.e. English. |
| Scale o |
9 |
|
Statistics |
|
1 Set • 4 Chains • 6 Nets • 25 OuterLanguages • 206 InnerLanguages • 835 Dialects • 113 ISO-639-Relatives |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
ISO-639 A 1
|
ISO-639-5-Collective-gem Germanic
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
Argentina
| Australia
| Österreich
| Bahamas
| Belgium
| Bolivia
| Brazil
| Canada
| Colombia
| Česko
| Denmark
| Estonia
| Faroe Islands
| Finland
| France
| Deutschland
| Magyarország
| Iceland
| Italy
| Lesotho
| Liechtenstein
| Lithuania
| Luxembourg
| Mexico
| Namibia
| Netherlands
| Aruba
| Curaçao
| Sint Maarten
| Caribbean Netherlands
| Norway
| Polska
| Russia
| Slovensko
| Slovenija
| South Africa
| Suriname
| Swaziland
| Sweden
| Schweiz
| United States
| Ukraine
| Uruguay
|
|
Match 7 |
|
▶
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
53= SLAVIC phylozone |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
440 |
| LSName h |
SLAVIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Slavonic" or Slovenčina+ Slovensko set, part of the "Balto-Slavic" grouping within the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 8 outer languages) spoken by communities in eastern Europe and northern Asia, from the Alps to the Bering Sea: 53-A SLOVENČINA+ SLOVENSKO including 2 arterial languages: Russkiy (Russian); Ukrainska (Ukrainian) with Belarusskaya (Belarussian) There is partial intelligibility among most of the Slavonic languages, with Slovenčina (Slovakian) at the geographic "centre-of-gravity" of this linguistic network. There may be more variation among the idioms of Slovensko (Slovenian) than among several of the closely related official national Slavonic languages of some nation-states, such as Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, for example. |
| Scale o |
8 |
|
Statistics |
|
1 Set • 1 Chain • 1 Net • 8 OuterLanguages • 38 InnerLanguages • 191 Dialects • 33 ISO-639-Relatives |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
ISO-639 A 1
|
ISO-639-5-Collective-sla Slavic
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
Albania
| Armenia
| Österreich
| Azerbaijan
| Belarus
| Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Bulgaria
| Croatia
| Česko
| Estonia
| Georgia
| Greece
| Italy
| Kazakhstan
| Latvia
| Lithuania
| Republic of Macedonia
| Moldova
| Polska
| Romania
| Russia
| Slovenija
| Turkmenistan
| Ukraine
| Uzbekistan
| Serbia
| Montenegro
| Canada
| United States
| Israel
| Australia
|
|
Match 8 |
|
▶
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
54= BALTIC phylozone |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
447 |
| LSName h |
BALTIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Baltic", "Latvian+ Lithuanian" or Lietuviškai+ Latviašu set, part of the "Balto-Slavic" grouping within the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 3 outer languages) spoken by communities in Europe, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea: 54-A LIETUVIŠKAI+ LATVIAŠU |
| Scale o |
6 |
|
Statistics |
|
1 Set • 1 Chain • 3 Nets • 3 OuterLanguages • 9 InnerLanguages • 3 Dialects • 5 ISO-639-Relatives |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
ISO-639 A 1
|
ISO-639-5-Collective-bat Baltic
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
Latvia
| Lithuania
| Canada
| United States
| Russia
| Kazakhstan
|
|
Match 9 |
|
▶
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
55= ALBANIC phylozone |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
448 |
| LSName h |
ALBANIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Albanian" or Shqip set, part of the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of 1 outer-language spoken by communities in the western Balkans, with an extension across the Adriatic to the Italian peninsula: 55-A SHQIP Albanian is probably related to the ancient Illyrian (Messapic) language, formerly spoken on both sides of the Adriatic |
| Scale o |
6 |
|
Statistics |
|
1 Set • 1 Chain • 1 Net • 1 OuterLanguage • 8 InnerLanguages • 21 Dialects • 5 ISO-639-Relatives |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
ISO-639 A 1
|
ISO-639-1-Macrolanguage-sq Albanian
| ISO-639-5-Collective-sqj Albanian
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
Albania
| Greece
| Republic of Macedonia
| Serbia
| Montenegro
| Croatia
| Italy
| Turkey
| Ukraine
|
|
Match 10 |
|
▶
▶
|
| ID a & Name b |
56= HELLENIC phylozone |
|
Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
449 |
| LSName h |
HELLENIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Greek", "Hellenic" or Helleniki+ Tsakonia set of languages, part of the "Indo-European" intercontinental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 2 outer languages) spoken by communities in southeastern Europe and around the eastern Mediterranean, with international migration: 56-A HELLENIKI+ TSAKONIA |
| Scale o |
7 |
|
Statistics |
|
1 Set • 1 Chain • 1 Net • 2 OuterLanguages • 14 InnerLanguages • 36 Dialects • 18 ISO-639-Relatives |
|
|
Relatives
|
|
ISO-639 A 1
|
ISO-639-5-Collective-grk Greek
|
|
GeoEntity C 1
|
Greece
| Cyprus
| Albania
| Bulgaria
| Turkey
| United States
| Deutschland
| United Kingdom
| France
| Canada
| Polska
| Ukraine
| Russia
| Kazakhstan
| Italy
|
|
1-10 of 16 matches of 32810 nodes total |