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1-10 of 10 matches of 32810 nodes total |
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Match 1 |
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| ID a & Name b |
16-BAF-cf Konta |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
103 |
| LSName h |
konta |
| LSType i |
inner language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
kunta, conta |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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Ethiopia
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Match 2 |
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| ID a & Name b |
31-M Malayu + Cham |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
253 |
| LSName h |
MALAYU + CHAM |
| LSType i |
set |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
SUNDIC, including malayic ➤ classification into chains and nets is provisional ; historical relationships have been blurred by maritime migrations and contacts and by sea-borne spread of [31=] Malayu |
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Statistics |
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6 Chains • 29 Nets • 71 OuterLanguages • 264 InnerLanguages • 100 Dialects • 100 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Match 3 |
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| ID a & Name b |
39-BBA-ac Fiji-V. |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
325 |
| LSName h |
fiji-V. |
| LSType i |
inner language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
'pijin fijian', "fijian contact vehicular" ⊕ throughout Fiji islands |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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Fiji
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Match 4 |
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| ID a & Name b |
49-DAB-aaa Konda-Dora-A. |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
380 |
| LSName h |
konda-dora-A. |
| LSType i |
dialect |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
konda-dora "proper", conta-dora |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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India
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Match 5 |
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| ID a & Name b |
49-DAB-aad Reddi-Dora |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
380 |
| LSName h |
reddi-dora |
| LSType i |
dialect |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
reddi, riddi, conta-reddi |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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India
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Match 6 |
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| ID a & Name b |
59-AAF-qa Urdu-L. |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
469 |
| LSName h |
urdu-L. |
| LSType i |
inner language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
"early muslim literary" hindi-W., zaban-e-urduu, "persianised" kha Ñi-boli # urdu derived from [44=]Türkçe (former Osmanli): ordu, urdu =«military camp»; zaban-e-urduu ="language of the camp" ➤ evolved from Khari-Boli vehicular centered on Delhi area from 16th cent., which became contact language between local population and Muslim invaders |
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Statistics |
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4 Dialects |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-1-Language-ur Urdu
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GeoEntity C 1
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Pakistan
| India
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Match 7 |
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| ID a & Name b |
60-ABA-baa "Chaplin" |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
479 |
| LSName h |
'chaplin' |
| LSType i |
dialect |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
yupik-siberia "proper", part of 'asiatic eskimo', including aiwanat... noohalit... peekit... wooteelit... "new" sireni submerged < [53=] Russkiy ¶ but reinforced in late 20th century by contact with Saint-Lawrence island speakers ⊕ Chukchi peninsula |
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2 |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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Russia
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Match 8 |
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| ID a & Name b |
6= NORTH-AMERICA geosector |
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Attributes |
| Page g |
478 |
| LSName h |
NORTH-AMERICA |
| LSType i |
sector |
| Grouping j |
geo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
This geosector covers 63 sets of languages (= 336 outer languages, comprising 978 inner languages) spoken or formerly spoken by traditional "Amerindian" (plus Inuit-Aleut) communities across North America and northern Meso-America (since before the arrival of speakers of Indo-European languages, principally [52=] English, and [51=] Español and Français). The first six zones of this sector (4 phylozones and 2 geozones) cover the northern and central regions of North America, which have been characterised in recent centuries by the wide geographic distribution of a relatively small number of sets of languages. These six zones together comprise a total of only 13 sets (including a southward extension as far as Honduras of related languages in zone 65=). 60= ARCTIC phylozone 61= NADENIC phylozone 62= ALGIC phylozone 63= SAINT-LAWRENCE geozone 64= MISSISSIPPI geozone 65= AZTECIC phylozone The last four zones of this sector (all geozones) cover the linguistically more complex western and southern regions of North America, including northern Central America. They together comprise a total of 50 sets. Geozone 66=Farwest covers 26 sets of languages spoken on the west-coast and hinterland regions of Canada and the USA, from Alaska to California. Geozone 67=Desert covers 5 sets of languages spoken in the area between New Mexico and the Bay of California (in Mexico). Geozone 68=Gulf covers 8 sets of languages spoken around the periphery of the Gulf of Mexico, from Mexico (Tamaulipas) to USA (Florida); and geozone 69=Mesoamerica covers 11 sets of languages spoken between northern Mexico and northern Costa Rica. 66= FARWEST geozone 67= DESERT geozone 68= GULF geozone 69= MESO-AMERICA geozone The greatest impact on the geography of the linguasphere has resulted during the last 500 years from the ethnic clearance and repopulation of two continents (North America and Australia) by sea-borne invaders from Europe, predominantly speakers of [52=] English – together with speakers of [51=] Español and Français in the case of North America. In North America, these invaders were accompanied by forced immigrants transported from among hundreds of speech communities in Africa, who were themselves impelled to create new speech communities under conditions of slavery and segregation based on pigmentation of the skin. The variety of their own African languages (from sectors 0=, 1= and 9=) was abandoned in favour of new (creolised) forms of European languages (from zones 51= and 52=), but there were also some linguistic contacts and influences between African immigrants and speakers of American "Indian" languages: cf. [51=] Louisianais (Houma) and perhaps [62=] Lumbee. Lands "reserved" by the invaders for the use of indigenous American speech communities, sometimes far from their original homelands, are referred to in USA as "reservations" or "agencies" or "nations", and in Canada as "reserves" (see column 3, below). |
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Statistics |
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10 Zones • 63 Sets • 116 Chains • 184 Nets • 337 OuterLanguages • 898 InnerLanguages • 384 Dialects • 528 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-nai North American Indian
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Match 9 |
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| ID a & Name b |
82-BCA-ab Contaquiro |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
582 |
| LSName h |
contaquiro |
| LSType i |
inner language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
chontakiro |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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Peru
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Match 10 |
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| ID a & Name b |
99= BANTUIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
690 |
| LSName h |
BANTUIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "broad Bantu", "narrow Bantu+ Bantoid" or Isizulu+ Tiv set (the central-southern section of "old Benue-Congo") within the "Volta-Congo" affinity, within the wider "Transafrican" continental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 259 outer-languages), spoken by communities throughout a major part of Africa south of the Sahara, from the Jos Plateau and Cameroon Highlands eastwards and southwards to the Indian Ocean and South Atlantic coasts: 99-A ISIZULU+ TIV including 1 arterial language: Kiswahili (Swahili) A continuum of relationships among languages covered by phylozones 98=Benuic and 99=Bantuic passes through the transitional languages of the [98=] Junaare+ Tagbo (Mambila+ Samba-Daka) chain. The “Wider Bantu" or Isizulu+Tiv set contains the largest group of closely related languages in the world, in terms of the number of idioms within a single set. Any sequential listing represents an over-simplification of the internal geographic links which bind adjacent languages more or less closely together in all directions, but the sequence imposed below is designed to lead the user through the increasingly close-knit relationships within this set, as one moves from West Africa towards Southern Africa. The languages of this phylozone and set, especially in Cameroon and parts of adjacent countries, illustrate how the linguasphere continues to operate as a fluid continuum, linguistic differences accumulating over long distances as one moves from community to community, but without the continuum of inter-intelligibility among neighbouring communities being interrupted severely along any consistent divide. In this situation, the classification of adjacent languages and dialects is often guided by local perceptions of ethno-linguistic identity. Wherever relevant, references to the Guthrian codes for "narrow" Bantu, e.g. bantu-A11, are included in column 3 below. The convention of an initial "widowed" hyphen has been employed in column 3, for this zone only, to facilitate the recording of linguistic and ethnic names without their traditional prefix. In the conventional citation of the names of Bantu languages in other sources, prefixes are sometimes distinguished by deferring the upper-case initial letter to the beginning of the stem, e.g. isiZulu. In the Linguasphere Register, this typographical device is employed for the citation of the reference names of outer-languages, in bold-type in columns 2 and 3, but only from chain [99=-AP] onwards (since separation of prefix from stem is less straight-forward in the languages of West Africa listed to that point). |
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Statistics |
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1 Set • 21 Chains • 88 Nets • 259 OuterLanguages • 1239 InnerLanguages • 1159 Dialects • 91 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-bnt Bantu
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GeoEntity C 1
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Botswana
| Cameroon
| Central African Republic
| Comoros
| Republic of the Congo
| Democratic Republic of the Congo
| Gabon
| Kenya
| Lesotho
| Malawi
| Mayotte
| Mozambique
| Namibia
| Nigeria
| Rwanda
| Somalia
| South Africa
| Sudan
| Swaziland
| Tanzania
| Uganda
| Zambia
| Zimbabwe
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1-10 of 10 matches of 32810 nodes total |