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1-8 of 8 matches of 32810 nodes total |
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Match 1 |
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| ID a & Name b |
04-AAA-ca Malual + Tuic |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
56 |
| LSName h |
malual + tuic |
| LSType i |
inner language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
⊕ Bahr-el-Arab... Lol valleys |
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4 |
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Statistics |
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3 Dialects |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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Sudan
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Match 2 |
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| ID a & Name b |
04-AAA-cac Tuic |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
56 |
| LSName h |
tuic |
| LSType i |
dialect |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
twic, twich, twij |
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4 |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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Sudan
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Match 3 |
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| ID a & Name b |
46-FAA So + Kuy |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
364 |
| LSName h |
SO + KUY |
| LSType i |
net |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
"katuic"-W. |
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Statistics |
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2 OuterLanguages • 10 InnerLanguages • 17 Dialects • 3 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Match 4 |
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| ID a & Name b |
46-FAA-b Kuy + Nyeu |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
364 |
| LSName h |
Kuy + Nyeu |
| LSType i |
outer language |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
khamen-boran, kuy-suei, kuy-souei, "old" khmer, "khmerised katuic" |
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5 |
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Statistics |
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2 InnerLanguages • 6 Dialects • 1 ISO-639-Relative |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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Cambodia
| Thailand
| Lao People’s Democratic Republic
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Match 5 |
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| ID a & Name b |
46-FAB Katu + Kataang |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
364 |
| LSName h |
KATU + KATAANG |
| LSType i |
net |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
"katuic"-E. |
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Statistics |
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8 OuterLanguages • 15 InnerLanguages • 16 Dialects • 12 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Match 6 |
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| ID a & Name b |
98= BENUIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
670 |
| LSName h |
BENUIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "Benue+East Kwa" reference area (the north-western section of "old Benue-Congo", plus the eastern section of "old Kwa") within the "Volta-Congo" affinity, within the wider "Transafrican" continental affinity; comprising 11 sets of languages (= 209 outer languages) spoken by communities in eastern West Africa, centered on the lower Niger+ Benue basin, between the Togo Highlands and Cameroon Highlands: 98-A YORUBA+ IGALA 98-B NUPE+ EBIRA 98-C IDOMA+ ETULO 98-D UKAAN+ AKUNNU* 98-E OGORI+ OSAYEN 98-F EDO+ OKPAMHERI 98-G IGBO+ EKPEYE 98-H AGWARA+ EZELLE 98-I HYAM+ TAROK 98-J IBIBIO+ BEKWARRA 98-K JUNAARE+ DAKA A continuum of relationships among languages covered by phylozones 98=Benuic and 99=Bantuic passes through the transitional languages of the [98=] Junaare+ Tagbo (Mambila+ Samba-Daka) chain. |
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Statistics |
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11 Sets • 25 Chains • 78 Nets • 209 OuterLanguages • 535 InnerLanguages • 223 Dialects • 6 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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GeoEntity C 1
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Cameroon
| Nigeria
| Togo
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Match 7 |
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| ID a & Name b |
99= BANTUIC phylozone |
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Attributes |
| Zone f |
pdf |
| Page g |
690 |
| LSName h |
BANTUIC |
| LSType i |
zone |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
covers the "broad Bantu", "narrow Bantu+ Bantoid" or Isizulu+ Tiv set (the central-southern section of "old Benue-Congo") within the "Volta-Congo" affinity, within the wider "Transafrican" continental affinity; comprising 1 set of languages (= 259 outer-languages), spoken by communities throughout a major part of Africa south of the Sahara, from the Jos Plateau and Cameroon Highlands eastwards and southwards to the Indian Ocean and South Atlantic coasts: 99-A ISIZULU+ TIV including 1 arterial language: Kiswahili (Swahili) A continuum of relationships among languages covered by phylozones 98=Benuic and 99=Bantuic passes through the transitional languages of the [98=] Junaare+ Tagbo (Mambila+ Samba-Daka) chain. The “Wider Bantu" or Isizulu+Tiv set contains the largest group of closely related languages in the world, in terms of the number of idioms within a single set. Any sequential listing represents an over-simplification of the internal geographic links which bind adjacent languages more or less closely together in all directions, but the sequence imposed below is designed to lead the user through the increasingly close-knit relationships within this set, as one moves from West Africa towards Southern Africa. The languages of this phylozone and set, especially in Cameroon and parts of adjacent countries, illustrate how the linguasphere continues to operate as a fluid continuum, linguistic differences accumulating over long distances as one moves from community to community, but without the continuum of inter-intelligibility among neighbouring communities being interrupted severely along any consistent divide. In this situation, the classification of adjacent languages and dialects is often guided by local perceptions of ethno-linguistic identity. Wherever relevant, references to the Guthrian codes for "narrow" Bantu, e.g. bantu-A11, are included in column 3 below. The convention of an initial "widowed" hyphen has been employed in column 3, for this zone only, to facilitate the recording of linguistic and ethnic names without their traditional prefix. In the conventional citation of the names of Bantu languages in other sources, prefixes are sometimes distinguished by deferring the upper-case initial letter to the beginning of the stem, e.g. isiZulu. In the Linguasphere Register, this typographical device is employed for the citation of the reference names of outer-languages, in bold-type in columns 2 and 3, but only from chain [99=-AP] onwards (since separation of prefix from stem is less straight-forward in the languages of West Africa listed to that point). |
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Statistics |
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1 Set • 21 Chains • 88 Nets • 259 OuterLanguages • 1239 InnerLanguages • 1159 Dialects • 91 ISO-639-Relatives |
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Relatives
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ISO-639 A 1
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ISO-639-5-Collective-bnt Bantu
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GeoEntity C 1
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Botswana
| Cameroon
| Central African Republic
| Comoros
| Republic of the Congo
| Democratic Republic of the Congo
| Gabon
| Kenya
| Lesotho
| Malawi
| Mayotte
| Mozambique
| Namibia
| Nigeria
| Rwanda
| Somalia
| South Africa
| Sudan
| Swaziland
| Tanzania
| Uganda
| Zambia
| Zimbabwe
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Match 8 |
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| ID a & Name b |
9= TRANSAFRICAN phylosector |
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Attributes |
| Page g |
622 |
| LSName h |
TRANSAFRICAN |
| LSType i |
sector |
| Grouping j |
phylo |
| IsNotional k |
no |
| Notes l |
This phylosector covers 60 sets of languages (= 802 outer languages, composed of 2,816 inner languages) spoken by communities across the African continent south of the Sahara, from Senegal to South Africa, constituting the Transafrican ("old Niger-Congo less Mande" or "Atlantic-Congo") continental affinity. The dimensions and nature of a more extensive "Niger-Kordofanian" (or "new Niger-Congo") hypothesis are uncertain, and the additional sets involved have been classified within the 0=African geosector (see 00=Mandic and 06=Kordofanic). This phylosector is named Transafrican (rather than "Atlantic-Congo" or "old Niger-Congo less Mande") to maintain the broad geographic nomenclature of all ten sectors of the linguasphere, representing intercontinental or continental entities in each case. Zones 90= to 93= cover languages spoken by communities westwards from Senegal through the northern interior of West and Central Africa as far as northern Congo/Zaire and southern Sudan. 90=ATLANTIC (northern West Atlantic) 91=VOLTAIC (Gur) 92=ADAMAWIC 93=UBANGIC (Eastern) Zones 94= to 97= cover languages spoken by communities westwards from Guinea through the coastal regions of West Africa as far as the Niger Delta. 94=MELIC (southern West Atlantic) 95=KRUIC (Kru) 96=AFRAMIC (western Kwa) 97=DELTIC (Niger-Delta) Zones 98= and 99= cover languages spoken through Nigeria and across the whole continent as far as Tanzania and South Africa. 98=BENUIC (eastern Kwa) 99=BANTUIC (Bantu including Bantoid) The name "Transafrican" is also introduced in the Register as an appropriate label for the continental affinity to which all the languages covered by phylozone 9= belong, by definition. The use of this term provides an escape from the now confusing succession of shifting and overlapping classificatory names, created during the second half of the 20th century from combinations of the river-name Congo (old "Niger-Congo", "new Niger-Congo", "Congo-Kordofanian", "Atlantic-Congo", "Volta-Congo", "Benue-Congo", etc.). It marks a clear boundary between this undisputed affinity (known most recently in the literature as "Atlantic-Congo") and its more speculative enlargements to embrace also the Mande and "Kordofanian" languages (which are treated in the Register under geosector 0=). Although the overall relationship of the languages covered by this phylosector is not in question, the boundaries among certain of their conventional 'branches' (treated here as phylozones) should be regarded as referential rather than historical (see note below on zones 90=, 91=, 92=, 96=, 98= and 99=). Sets of languages covered by zones 90=Atlantic and 97=Deltic are less closely related to other sets in the "Transafrican" affinity than the latter (collectively labelled "Volta-Congo") are among themselves. The external unity of the inter-related sets within each of the zones 90=Atlantic, 91=Voltaic, 92=Adamawic and 96=Aframic (West-Kwa) (among themselves, as potential groupings within the Transatlantic affinity) has not been established, and the sequence of sets covered by each of thes e zones is therefore more safely described as a reference area. The extensive sequence of sets covered by the pair of zones 98=Benuic and 99=Bantuic is likewise treated in the Register as a reference area. |
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Statistics |
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10 Zones • 60 Sets • 143 Chains • 340 Nets • 802 OuterLanguages • 2813 InnerLanguages • 1776 Dialects • 152 ISO-639-Relatives |
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1-8 of 8 matches of 32810 nodes total |